Wednesday, December 19, 2007

"Indians"

(#)There a plaque in front of the Stockton Ca. town hall, which reads, "in 1844, this is the first public building built by "Joe" who was murdered by "Indians".So. being as how no one understands my objections, I decided to copy a few documents to enlighten the ignorant,arrogant and egotism of local (city), county,state and federal governments. (Sorry about multiple letters as I forgot how to make a file.) More to follow. Woody Alspaugh www.hope05.org. ( Of course this includes the BIG money controlled"news media")!
This is an except for the "Declaration of Independence"
1.He has excited domestic insurrection among us, and has endeavored to bring onthe inhabitants of our frontiers the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions.
Spanish California


Illustration II : Isle of Cuba [Cortez Expedition]. Engraving. From Histoire de la Conquete du Mexique by Anotonio de Solis y Rivadeneyra, 1691. LC-USZ62-3011. #6595.California's contact with Europeans began in the mid 1530s when Cortez's men ventured to Baja California. Not until 1542 did Spaniards sail north to Alta California, and Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo's expedition of that year made landings as far north as modern Santa Barbara.
Still, more than two hundred years passed before Spain made any concerted effort to colonize the coastal regions Cabrillo claimed for the crown. Coastal winds and currents made the voyage north difficult, and Spanish captains failed to find safe harbors for their crafts. Baja California became the northwest limit of Spanish colonization, and even there, efforts to settle the area and bring native tribes to Christianity and European ways were halfhearted at best. Not until the Seven Years War (1756-1763) realigned European alliances and their colonial empires did Spain seriously attempt to assert control of Alta California.
This was to be done through a combination of military forts (presidios) and mission churches overseen by Franciscan fathers led by Junípero Serra. In 1769, the first parties set north from Baja California, and the line of Spanish settlement along the coast was inaugurated when soldiers and priests established a presidio and mission church at San Diego. By the end of the Spanish colonial period, Alta California had three more presidios (at Monterey, San Francisco, and Santa Barbara) and no fewer than twenty-one missions. In addition to the missions, where the Franciscans ministered to local converts, and the military presidios, small towns or pueblos sprang up. The earliest of these were associated with the missions and presidios, but in 1777 an independent civil pueblo was created at San Jose, and others followed. The pueblos tried to attract settlers with land grants and other inducements and were governed by an alcalde (a combination of a judge and a mayor) assisted by a council called the ayuntamiento.
The Spaniards, of course, were hardly the first to discover this land of wonder and extremes. The earliest Californians were adventurous Asians who made their way across the Bering Straits to Alaska thousands of years ago when a warmer climate and a now-vanished land bridge made such travel easier. These men and women and their descendants settled North and South America, spreading out to form the various nations and tribes whom the first European visitors to this hemisphere dubbed "Indians." The mountain ranges of the Pacific Coast isolated these early settlers from the cultures that developed in neighboring Mexico and the western United States. Thus, the early population of California bore little physical resemblance to the Native Americans of the Great Plains and apparently shared no ties of language or culture with these nations. California's rugged topography, marked by mountain ranges and deserts, made it difficult for her indigenous groups to travel great distances, and the region's native peoples were even isolated from each other, tending to live in large family groups or clans with little political structure, unlike the larger tribes and nations to the east. As European settlement came late to California, her natives were also denied access to the newcomers' horses, whose runaways fathered the wild herds that gave Great Plains tribes new mobility as early as the sixteenth century. Thus divided and isolated, the original Californians were a diverse population, separated by language into as many as 135 distinct dialects. Tribes included the Karok, Maidu, Cahuilleno, Mojave, Yokuts, Pomo, Paiute, and Modoc. On the other hand, the mountains that divided the groups made extensive warfare impractical, and the California tribes and clans enjoyed a comparatively peaceful life.
The region's lack of rain during the growing season meant that agriculture was not a practical means of livelihood for early Californians, but the gentle climate and rich soil enabled these groups to live by skillfully harvesting and processing wild nuts and berries and by capturing the fish that crowded the streams. The acorn, leached of toxic acids and turned into meal, was a staple of the diet of most California native peoples. Indeed, the first English-speaking Europeans to encounter California Native Americans were so struck by their focus on gathering nuts from the ground and unearthing nutritious roots that they nicknamed them "Diggers," and "Digger Indian" became a vague nickname for many of the groups.
An ample food supply, temperate climate, and absence of wars contributed to a large, healthy population. It has been estimated that when Europeans first came to California, the native population was probably close to 300,000--13 percent of the indigenous peoples in North America.
Human occupation of California has increasingly altered the state's natural resources since the first human occupation of the land 11,000-12,000 years ago (Eargle 1986). The number of Native Americans at the time of European or European-American contact is estimated at 300,000. Today the human population of the nation's most populous state is nearing 32 million and is likely to continue increasing.Before European contact, more than 100 Native American tribes inhabited California (Rawls 1984). They modified local landscapes by burning vegetation and by hunting and gathering. Tribes in the northwest part of the state were culturally similar to those of the Pacific Northwest. The northeast part of the state was thinly populated, and life there was difficult because of the harsh climate. Peoples of the Central Valley lived a relatively sedentary, peaceful life. Their staple food was meal made from acorns of the valley oaks. Southern California was the most populous part of the state, especially along the coast, where people survived primarily on marine resources.Although the first Spanish explorers reached California in 1542, and Sir Francis Drake landed near San Francisco Bay in 1579, European colonization did not begin until the Spanish Franciscan missionaries arrived in 1769 (Rawls 1984). Over the next few decades, the Franciscans built 21 missions along the coast from San Diego to San Francisco. These missions served religious and secular purposes: to protect Spanish interests in the area, as well as to convert the natives to Christianity and make them "useful" citizens of the Spanish empire. Native Americans were relocated near the missions and forced to work. Nearly two-thirds of the native population died as the result of introduced diseases (Rawls 1984).
Spanish California


Illustration II : Isle of Cuba [Cortez Expedition]. Engraving. From Histoire de la Conquete du Mexique by Anotonio de Solis y Rivadeneyra, 1691. LC-USZ62-3011. #6595.California's contact with Europeans began in the mid 1530s when Cortez's men ventured to Baja California. Not until 1542 did Spaniards sail north to Alta California, and Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo's expedition of that year made landings as far north as modern Santa Barbara.
Still, more than two hundred years passed before Spain made any concerted effort to colonize the coastal regions Cabrillo claimed for the crown. Coastal winds and currents made the voyage north difficult, and Spanish captains failed to find safe harbors for their crafts. Baja California became the northwest limit of Spanish colonization, and even there, efforts to settle the area and bring native tribes to Christianity and European ways were halfhearted at best. Not until the Seven Years War (1756-1763) realigned European alliances and their colonial empires did Spain seriously attempt to assert control of Alta California.
This was to be done through a combination of military forts (presidios) and mission churches overseen by Franciscan fathers led by Jun�pero Serra. In 1769, the first parties set north from Baja California, and the line of Spanish settlement along the coast was inaugurated when soldiers and priests established a presidio and mission church at San Diego. By the end of the Spanish colonial period, Alta California had three more presidios (at Monterey, San Francisco, and Santa Barbara) and no fewer than twenty-one missions. In addition to the missions, where the Franciscans ministered to local converts, and the military presidios, small towns or pueblos sprang up. The earliest of these were associated with the missions and presidios, but in 1777 an independent civil pueblo was created at San Jose, and others followed. The pueblos tried to attract settlers with land grants and other inducements and were governed by an alcalde (a combination of a judge and a mayor) assisted by a council called the ayuntamiento.
He has excited domestic insurrection among us, and has endeavored to bring onthe inhabitants of our frontiers the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions.Note
Not to mention the Bounty placed on the heads of these "heathen savages" by the GOOD God fearing "christens", by proving to have killed/murdered these redskined devials. (scalping)
These native people were only trying to protect THEIR land.
See/read "Winchester, the gun that won the West", by Williamson.

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Test 3

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Second try

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Wednesday, March 7, 2007

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The "King', (Bush),is a fink!